Spermicide
What is spermicide?
A spermicide kills or disables sperm so that it cannot cause pregnancy and most use the chemical nonoxynol-9 against sperm. Spermicides are available in a number of forms, including cream, gel, foam and film. Although spermicides can be used alone, they are more effective when used with another form of birth control, such as condoms, diaphragms, or cervical caps.
How is spermicide used?
Spermicides must be placed in the vagina before sexual intercourse. All forms of spermicides are effective when inserted less than 1 hour before having sex. Be sure to add more spermicide for repeated intercourse. Spermicide should not be washed away for at least 6 hours after intercourse. Different insertion techniques apply for the different forms of spermicide, as follows:
- Cream or Gel - Contraceptive creams or gels can be inserted via a small applicator or rubbed over the penis. Contraceptive creams are usually used with diaphragms or cervical caps.
- Foam - The foam comes in a aerosol can. Shake the can well and place the foam on the applicator. Follow instructions on can for insertion.
- Film - The vaginal contraceptive film is 2-inches by 2-inches. Fold the film in half and place the film on a dry fingertip and insert into the vagina, over the cervix.
Success Rate
In general, how well each type of birth control method works depends on a lot of things. These include whether a person has any health conditions or is taking any medications that might interfere with its use. Spermicide alone is one of the less effective forms of contraception against pregnancy. If women use spermicide every time they have sexual intercourse and follow instructions every time, it is 94% effective. We highly recommend using spermicide with another form of birth control.
Side Effects
Most women who use spermicide have no problems. The side effects that some women have include:
- Spermicides may irritate the vagina and surrounding skin.
- May be more likely to get urinary tract infections.
Advantages
- Available without a prescription.
- Does not affect future fertility.
- Lubrication may increase pleasure.
Disadvantages
- Does not protect against HIV/AIDS.
- Must be readily available and used prior to penetration.
- Can be messy.
- Possible genital irritation.